London Congestion Pricing Program Statistics Project

London Congestion Pricing Program - Statistics Project Example Since 1977 there was a noticeable and constant decline in the average speed (exhibited in figure 1). In central London drivers were spending 50% of journey duration which was around five miles per hour. An authority of Greater London was created by the "Greater London Authority Act-1999" comprised of the London Assembly and the Mayor of London, where under authority was given to mayor for implementing workplace parking and road pricing individually or combined. LCC or London congestion charging had a main goal of dropping traffic congestion within and in the surrounding of CZ or charging zone. The congestion charge was just like a region permit from the start. From Monday to Friday during 7 a. m. - 6: 30 p. m., any automobile coming or going through, parking or driving in CZ, will have to pay 5 or $ 10 in the beginning. Road signs are put up to indicate confines of CZ. The original capital costs of this project were estimated to be 200 million according to the prices of 2002, approximately 220 million according to prices and values in 2005. The central government provided e major part of it. The extension was made with an estimation of 118 according to prices and values in 2005 and it was funded by the general fund of TfL. A detailed picture of cost and revenues is given in Table 1. The disposable returns from road pricing plans were require... There will be a 10-15% decrease in traffic within CZ, about 30 % lessen queues with an 10-15 % elevated average speed; Around 5-10 % decline in traffic on radial routes and 5% increase of traffic over orbital routes and, resulting an overall effect of 1-2 % decrease in traffic outside the zone. LCC Plan: Conditions and Fundamental Specifications The congestion charge was just like a region permit from the start. From Monday to Friday during 7 a. m. - 6: 30 p. m., any automobile coming or going through, parking or driving in CZ, will have to pay 5 or $ 10 in the beginning. Road signs are put up to indicate confines of CZ. Extension in the Original LCC Project Some extensions were made into the original CZ in the year 2007 and some free corridors were also provided and some other changes were also made. Reimbursement in terms of Costs and Revenues The original capital costs of this project were estimated to be 200 million according to the prices of 2002, approximately 220 million according to prices and values in 2005. The central government provided e major part of it. The extension was made with an estimation of 118 according to prices and values in 2005 and it was funded by the general fund of TfL. A detailed picture of cost and revenues is given in Table 1. Revenues Exploit The disposable returns from road pricing plans were required to be introduced by the Great London Authority Act 1999 through the initial decade of the law 1999-2009. The transport strategy of the mayor was also to be included in this ten yeas allocation. Actually the disposal of potential revenue had to be a mandatory part of any road pricing plan for London. Such net revenue distribution is presented in Table 2. Analysis of the Effectiveness

Pakistan Today Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Today Essay Pakistan has faced many problems ever since it came into existence. 63 years have been passed and the situation is getting worse day by day. Today Pakistan is facing all kinds of problems e.g. Inflation, Illiteracy, Unemployment, Corruption, Feudalism, Terrorism, Natural Disasters. Before the water goes over the head, it’s the time that the youth of Pakistan stands and plays their role in development of the country which we got after many sacrifices. The bud of nation’s future finds a fragrant blooming in the hands of its youth. It’s the time of culmination when the youth must realize and individually shoulder the responsibility of resuscitation of Pakistan in every aspect viz. social, economical, political, administrative etc. Development of a strong nation demands youth possessing steely will power, mighty determination and tremendous grit. For this the youth itself must be fully sound and armor itself with all essential qualities so that modern Pakistan sees its unprecedented growth and development by skilled finishers. Youth are the real sculptors of the nation. What is actually required in the present scenario is to unleash the immense latent patriotism and chauvinism among youth, which will lit the fire of responsibility and will dedicatedly involve them in the upliftment of the nation. Albert Einstein once said,†Problem cannot be solved by the level of thinking that created them†. So in order to eradicate these crux youth with double toughness are required. The main motto of the youth should be† to nip the evil in the bud†. Our political system is governed by desperados, hooligans and such miscreants of society who have attired themselves in the robes that present them as the saviors of the nation. Infact they are eating away the nation like worms slowly and gradually. Criminalization of the politics has infact obfuscated the image of fair play in government. So this is now a â€Å"Wake up Call†, for the youth of the Pakistan to wake, rise and move ahead and prove their hegemony over such corrupt leaders and take the command into their hands to run the government. Only few selected families are always elected in the government. Read more:  Pakistan Political System Pakistan has never seen any ‘common man’ to rule the country e.g. Prime Minister of President. It has always been the feudal lords or big industrialists running the show. According to me the blame goes on the public. In the previous elections, out of the population of 17 crores, less than 2 crore people voted. It’s unfortunate but the youth of Pakistan doesn’t take part in voting. This is one of the prime reasons that feudal lords are ruling our country, emptying the national treasure and increasing their bank balances. I am sure if we all go to vote in the elections then we would be able to elect the most deserving candidate. This could assure that are country is in the right hands. The most important problem of Pakistan is education. People are not aware what is good for them and what is not. There aren’t any schools in rural areas which are providing good quality education. Unfortunately in Pakistan, only those are getting education who can afford it. It’s the responsibility of the youth to create awareness about the importance of education. In rural areas people are not willing to send their sons/daughters to acquire knowledge. This is one of the prime reason that Pakistan is lagging behind other countries. We, the youth of Pakistan should take this responsibility in spreading the awareness. We could help directly by constructing schools providing free education or by teaching voluntarily. People are not willing to invest in our country. It is just because of the negative image created about our country. This is affecting our economy. Our exports have decreased, no new jobs are been created, no roads are being built. the tourism industry of Pakistan has just nearly finished. I think it’s the responsibility of the Pakistani youth to correct the image of Pakistan in the international arena and attract investment. We can do so by showing the positive side of the Pakistan and achievements of Pakistanis. I believe that if we could all be responsible enough and bring a change in ourselves then it could do wonders for our country. We always wait for the government to take some action. If we all fulfill our responsibilities and duties honestly than I believe no one could stop Pakistan from being a developed country. If all the people just clean the area outside their homes and plant trees than whole Pakistan could become clean and green. â€Å"Little drops make great oceans†. We should obey all the rules and laws of our country. Lets pledge that we won’t throw any rubbish on the streets, never break a traffic signal, never give bribe, achieve things on merit rather taking shortcuts. Above all we should realize that we all are Pakistanis. We should stop all the grouping and discrimination on basis of language, place, color, and culture. Events and activities should be organized to promote brotherhood. People should realize that in the eyes of Allah all people are same. The communities should help each other whenever required. We should send a message to the entire world how united we are. It’s time that we should stop fantasicing about other countries and cultures and instead be proud to be a Pakistani. Learn to respect Pakistani leaders, cultures, languages, talents etc. It’s the time that we should value our talents and resources. We, the youth of Pakistan are the future of tomorrow. It’s our responsibility to take Pakistan out of this crisis. It’s high time that we should stand up for our country before it’s too late. For us the founder of Pakistan, Quaid-e-Azam said â€Å"Pakistan is proud of her youth who are the nation builders of tomorrow†. Pakistan is the best country in the world; we know it, now let the world also know it.

Product Life Cycle Management In Marketing

Product Life Cycle Management In Marketing INTRODUCTION Like humans, products undergo life-cycle. Similarly Product life cycle goes through different phases, which involves many procedures, and needs more skills, tools and processes. Product life cycle involves launch of product in the market with consideration of cost and sales. Product Life Cycle undergoes Four stages. A products will have a limited life in the market, A product will come across different stages. In each and every stage it will across various different challenges, problems, and opportunities to the Seller, Their will be fluctuation of profit and loss of a product, Any products needs manufacturing , financial, marketing, purchasing and human resource in every stage. Every product will have its own life cycle. This life cycle starts from the launch of the product in to the market to its final withdrawal. At this period various changes will occur in the behavior of the product in the market. Major goal of any company is to increase the profits of the product in the market, now managing of product life cycle is very important. Different companies follow different plans like basic, strategic etc. It is very important to any company to understand the product life cycle to realize when to launch and when to withdraw and when to increase the sales. Product Life Cycle Management(Marketing) Product life cycle management deals with strategies used y the business management of a product which goes through its life cycle. It deals with the how product is sold and how it is advertising and how the product is reaching to saturation point. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MODEL : The PLC model consists of 5 Phases. This phases is applicable to all the products. Each phase has sub stages based on the market demands. They are: 1. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PHASE This stage begins with development of new product idea. This stage involves combining of new ideas and finally bringing a new idea. In this stage, every product will go different stages of tests before going in front of final costumer via test marketing. The product which survives in the test market will be introduces in real market. In this stage company cannot expect any sale. 2. INTRODUCTION PHASE This phase includes the launch of product with its extra requirements; this will create grater impact at he time of sale. In this stage, most of the companys expenditure are done on promotions and advertising. Companies must be strong enough to spent more money to receive less profits. It is very important to maintain the product in market irrespective of the challenges. Company should follow different strategies to maintain the product in the market and to compete. Customer will give his views on the product, he will describe how product will sustain the market or not. In this way companies will know about the products before introducing in the market. 3. GROWTH PHASE In this phase company will se the growth and leading their product in the market. This is the exact time to increase the share of the company. Company must show the maximum variety of product it have and it should discriminate itself from the competitors. By Frequent modification of product will discourage the competitors. Promotions and advertisements should continue but not as introduction stage. 4. MATURITY PHASE In this period market becomes saturated with discriminations of basic products. At this stage company enjoys more profits. At this stage pricing and offers are provided to maintain the product value, competition and to improve product life. 5. DECLINE PHASE This stage is arrived when company is planning to withdraw the product from the market. This stage includes lots of issues. Some companies will rise the product cost such that it may give chance to either increase the product value or it may help to stop the production. INTRODUCTION TO ICC CRICKET WORLD CUP 2007. Mega-events such as ICC Cricket World Cup are a unique form of tourist attraction defined as large and internationally known event.. Events are usually viewed as a major economic tourist asset for the host area that also brings new infrastructure and facilities. All the Countries around the world have always saw the impacts and legacies of Mega events like World Cup Cricket as a major events for economic development and international recognition.ICC is organizing Cricket World Cup founded in 1975 and it is conducted for every four years. After a lot of procedures and site selection process, it was decided that the ninth venue of the tournament will be played in the West Indies in 2007.West Indies had won first two world cups in 1975 and 1979. The ICC(International Cricket Council) has conducted a Cricket World Cup tournament for mens cricket every 4 years since 1975. The competition has been changed gradually since, and the ICC agreed to make the event quadrennial in 1979. The first three tournaments was conducted in England, and sponsorship help was done by a insurance company, and was known as the Prudential Cup. Some other sponsors are Reliance, Benson and Hedges, and Wills. This Companys had their names attached to the event till 1999, when it became the ICC World Cup. The involvement of number of teams is periodically increased from 8 to 9 then 12 to 14 in 2003, and at last, totally 16 teams where involved in the ninth competition in 2007. The first tournament was for 2 weeks and 15 matches where conducted. In 2003 tournament, matches was co-hosted by South Africa, Kenya, and Zimbabwe, and their where 54 matches played in 44 days. It included 2 hours opening ceremony. In 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup the contribution of local organizers and corporate subsidiary of the West Indies Cricket Board named the Windies [West Indies] World Cup 2007, it also produced beautiful and mind blowing opening and closing ceremonies. Out of the 16 teams at the ICC CWC 2007 tournament the 10 first class teamsand remaining 6 teams are One Day International Cricket Qualified. The ICC Cricket World Cup 2007 tournament is the ninth time of the tournament and took place in the West Indies. This tournament was from 13 March to 28 April 2007.This tournament used Cricket One Day International format. These competitions involved 51 matches in 47 days and these games were played in St. Kitts, Jamaica, Trinidad Tobago, Barbados, Guyana, Grenada, and St. Lucia, Antigua. Sixteen nations will participate in this event. To host this event the Caribbean countries had built tourist facilities, seaports, airports, accommodation and other infrastructure. All around of 12 stadium facilities have been developed in the nine countries for successful conduction of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007tournament. This tournament had 16 qualified cricket teams. This is the biggest number of teams involved in the history of the World Cup. Teams involved in this tournament are India, West Indies, New Zealand, South Africa, England, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka and Australia, these nations had determined as ICC Test Championships. The total number of visitors attended for tournament is expected to be 672,000 and 13,176 per match in over all 51 matches. This 16 teams had divided into four groups and tour teams in each group. The top two teams of each group was advanced to the quarter finals on knock out based results . Four teams from this group of eight had then moved on to the semi finals.. The opening ceremony was in Jamaica. The final match was played in Barbados. Phases of product lifecycle and corresponding technologies Phase 1: Conceive Imagine, specify, plan, innovate I would like to discuss on ICC Cricket World Cup 2007. It is a Mega event which had got an world reorganization. This is a event which included Cricket Matches, Opening ceremony includes the vibrant lifestyle and heritage of the different regions of people had unfolded the stage celebrations to welcome the world to the Mega Event starting with a medley of calypso, mento, reggae, ska, soca, dancehall, and other musical genres. The three-hour performances at Trelawney Stadium in Jamaica had included stilt walkers, the different dance sequences, a mass choir and fire crackers show. There was a drum score by a performance troop from South Africa, which connected the link between the previous ICC Cricket World Cup and this year Mega-Event. Festival, which was celebrated every year in several regional nations, was a main theme of the evenings performances and wide range of scenes have saw characters such as revellers, a shaggy bear and plantation girls playing maze had encouraged every one and created a lot of entertainment. Planning includes lot of stages to organize an world recognized events like Cricket world cup. Primarily we need to appoint the people who have very good experience in the respective fields like Executive officer, Security officer, Competitions officer, Marketing officer, Commercial officer, Communications officer, Operations officer, Transport and Logistics officer, IT officer, Financial officers. After recruiting these designated peoples we have to set the targets to be finished with in dead lines. We have to prepare a perfect plan how to implement the Event keeping in mind of long time impacts and legacies. Now we need to rise the finance by government or from the sponsors. It is important to develop the local infrastructure and local community by giving various opportunities, medication, Education, Employment and need to involve local people in planning also. Now it is very important to track each and every field, whether each and every work is going properly in a synchronized form. Primarily it is very important to develop Infrastructure like building new stadiums or repairing the existing Stadiums. It is very important to concern about each and every aspects like Capacity of the stadium, Quality of the stadium, Security for the spectators, building roads and hotels for accommodation. It is very important to care about the local people while building the roads and hotels, such that local people should not be disturbed because of any of our activity. Need to take care of accommodation for both VIPs and general peoples. Opening ceremony should be planed such that no accidents should be happened. Safety measures should be taken if any emergency. We can make event innovative by implementing the concept of Environment sustainability. Recycling the products, reducing the waste by the slogan lets carry our own garage. We can produce the car-boards by recycling the waste papers. Polluting vehicle should not be allowed till certain range of event. Waste water can be recycled and it can be used for plantation. For emergency mobility we can use electric vehicles. Phase 2: Design Describe, define, develop, test, analyze and validate In a Event like Cricket World Cup, we have to mainly concentrate on assigning targets and need to establish the co-ordination between superiors and working staff. Here we are not going to use any Softwares to design the event. It is entirely ideology. Her design is concerned about establishment of links for successful hosting of events. Mostly head of any event is the respective Government. It will hire the Event managers to develop their Ideas. Government will give the targets to event managers, and fund will be released accordingly. A event manager have to make sure the works are going well by his personal staff or ant temporary outsourcing staff. Governing body will have Chief Executive officer, Chief Security officer, Chief Competitions officer, Chief Marketing officer, Chief Commercial officer, Chief Communications officer, Chief Operations officer, Chief Transport and Logistics officer, Chief IT officer, Chief Financial officers. Let us consider a particular field like Chief Transport and Logistics officer. Officer is the head of this section. He is responsible of all transportation of raw materials and he is concerned out making transportation arrangements for visitors and for players etc. He have to contact different countries representatives to arrange the accommodation, food, security and etc for the players and officials of that nation. First event manager have to have to take the count of the people coming from individual nations. He have to take the preferences of the type accommodation and the food they needed and the places they want to visit and etc. By taking consideration of al the preferences event manager have to arrange the accommodation and he have to engage the vehicles for them, he have to arrange the a well skilled person who know a out the local environment. Event manager have to arrange the security for the visitors and make sure there are no negative issues. Event manager have to make th e arrangement for the food they needed and book the places where the players and officials want to visit. Chief Financial officer have to release the fund required. Officer has to analyze the requirements needed. He have to collect the needs required to each and every individual field. Officer has to arrange the requirements needed. Chief IT officer have to take care of the website design and have to prepare an interface to communicate with in the staff and for queries from visitors. He is responsible for maintaining the electronic media. He have to take care of publicity of an event through websites, social networking sites and etc. He have to create an LAN(Local Area Network ) and have to establish the connection between the computers which are used for event purpose. He have to take care of security of the data such that unauthorized persons should not access. Separate User name and Password should be give to each and every staff working for the event and data access control should e provided based on the designation of an employee. Therefore each and every individual department works on their respective targets assigned by the Government for success of the event. Phase 3: Realize Manufacture, make, build, procure, produce, sell and deliver The main aim of organizing event is all about generating revenue. In Events industry is not much related to Realize Phase. This phase is all about the physical out put of the event. In this phase we can see the results of the efforts kept in planning stage. Lets discuss about the results of the event. Starting from the first day we had the grand 3 hrs opening ceremony. It included medley of calypso, mento, reggae, ska, soca, dancehall, and other musical genres. The three-hour performances at Trelawney Stadium in Jamaica had included stilt walkers, the different dance sequences, a mass choir and fire crackers show. Most important aspect of opening ceremony was Fire cracker show. That was very colorful and it gave a greater entertainment and joy for the people. It gave a warm welcome to the spectators. Next comes about the tournament, here we can see a wide range of out comes of the planning. We can see the luxurious accommodation for the players and the officials of the different coun tries. We can see the new built roads, buildings, stadiums, hotels and lots more. We can see a new environment which is new to most of them. This all credit goes to government and the innovative event managers. We can see people enjoying while matches, and visitors and different places. We can see the media coverage about the event, we can see every media channel talking about the event. This phase is not related to selling the product. We can generate revenue in events by selling Tickets, Media rights, Generating sponsorships from the corporate companies those who wants to use event as a place to publicize their products and accessories can sold which have events logo on it. Money can be generated by selling general products which are used at the time of match. Revenue from Tusk shop like T-shirt sale, selling refreshments, selling tickets and etc. Improved media advertising offers can generate more revenue from media channels. We should give rights to only one media channel to telecast the matches. This idea will generate more revenue because of single channel in a country. Offers on the ticket will increase the profits than individual. We can also plan a travel package which includes the match tickets, lodging and some of the tourist spots. Internal and external advertisement will also generate money and we can use online booking system where we can commission on the sale of the tickets. In events industry we can not expect any Test. This industry is all about the real time out put. It is all about implement the plan which would help for the success of the event. All we can do is, to organize the event as perfect as possible. We can take feed back from the visitors which would help to improve for next events. Phase 4: Service Use, operate, maintain, support, sustain, phase-out, retire, recycle and disposal Services in Events management includes operate, maintain, support, and recycle. It is very important to operate an event with the help of government, event managers and working staff. Event mangers responsibility is to balance the relations. Co-ordination between government, event mangers and working staff is important. In case of any miss understanding will leads to incardination. Maintaining of coordination leads to success of event. Maintaining the quality of the event is also very important. It is the responsibility of the event managers to control the supply of the requirements and he should have entire details of the event. Event manager should be super active at the venue and he should keep much more efforts than ever to maintain the quality of the event. Event manager should take care that non of his staff members should not be distracted by any issues at the time of event. Maintaining of security is also very important. Recycling the garbage is very important. We can encourage this recycling by providing a plastic cover in which every one have to carry their own paper waste, this will help to reduce the efforts of the labor and it would become an encouragement program to bring awareness to recycle the waste CONCLUSSION. Product life cycle is also very important to any event. In events management steps involved to relate product life cycle concepts are planning an event, raising the funds, advertising, implementation, maintaining, and withdrawing. To my knowledge, every step of product life cycle concepts may not applicable to events but some concepts of product life cycle are base to organize any event. A successful event can be organized only when we come across some stages of product life cycle concept.

Simultaneous Bilingual Language Acquisition Essay -- Literacy Investig

Rationale and Strategy I originally grew up in a small town and wasn't exposed to different cultures like I am now in the city. I became fascinated with different languages and how amazing it is that children are capable of learning multiple languages at one time. To fulfill the requirements of a class here at State University, I spent two weeks assistant teaching at a bilingual elementary school. I greatly enjoyed this experience and returned home to become a nanny for a family near by my home that are raising their children to be bilingual with the help of the mother who is fluent in Spanish as well as English. While taking care of these children, I experienced language barriers and was faced with an amazing opportunity to witness children learning two languages first hand. I plan to discover the advantages or disadvantages of children being bilingual at a young age. I would like to investigate which language they are more fluent in and their strategies for increasing vocabulary in both languages. I wou ld like to discover the techniques that they are using for increasing their Spanish vocabulary in addition to their English vocabulary. My strategy for this investigation is to spend time with the family and observe them. I plan to note the toys or other strategies that the family uses to increase the fluency of both languages for their children. I will interview the parents as well as two of the three children since the other child is still an infant. I will observe the children playing and see which language they typically communicate with each other to and how they speak to their parents. I will do research on bilingual children and their language development in order to learn more information and provide the parents with s... ...abulary Development." International Journal of Bilingualism 6.4 (2012): 541-565. Print. MacLeod, Andrea, Leah Fabiano-Smith, Sarah Boegner-Page, and Salome Fontolliet. "Simultaneous bilingual language acquisition: The role of parental input on receptive vocabulary development." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 29.1 (2012): 131-142. Print. Patterson, Janet. "What Bilingual Toddlers Hear and Say: Language Input and Word Combinations." Communication Disorders Quarterly 21.1 (1999): 32-38. Print. Restrepo, M. A., A. P. Castilla, P. J. Schwanenflugel, S. Neuharth-Pritchett, C. E. Hamilton, and A. Arboleda. "Effects Of A Supplemental Spanish Oral Language Program On Sentence Length, Complexity, And Grammaticality In Spanish-Speaking Children Attending English-Only Preschools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 41.1 (2010): 3-13. Print.

Experience At Work Speech Essay

At McDonalds lines of communication are pretty open especially for the ones still in high school or college. They give whatever hours you request and how many days you want to work. If you need off one of the days just be sure to ask off two weeks in advanced and they will make sure you get the day off. The overall experience at McDonalds after being there for over a year now is outstanding. I know most people think hey its McDonalds, but the benefits they aren’t bad at all. For one they are lenient with their hours and give however many hours you want. Secondly, they allow you to have $6 of free food each time you work, but that is only good of course if you like McDonald’s food. Third, on thanksgiving and Christmas they give bonuses depending on the amount of time you have worked there. For example around Christmas last year Ms. Geneva, the manager, gave me a $100 bill. The pay starts at minimum wage but steadily increases, I am at $7.80 per hour at the moment. Once y ou get to know the managers and workers everyone becomes intriguing to talk too as they all have unique stories. The customers are the only thing bad about working at McDonalds. Some can be nice and understanding, but then there are always those customers that are rude and impatient. Consequently, they do not understand that sometimes it is difficult to get their order right when they change it 5 different times. And it takes time for the food to be made if we run out for the moment. Other than that the only thing McDonalds has control over that gets me trouble is not being allowed to have any sort of beard. I like having a chin strap so I keep it trimmed, but every now and then they still get onto me†¦ and I don’t even work with food. The thing about McDonalds is you are never bored because there is a constant flow of customers at every hour of the day. At other jobs if you are not busy they send people home, but at McDonalds you are always busy especially in the mornings. That is another perk of McDonalds, if you are not scheduled to work that day and you are available to work you can always go ask if they need anybody and more days than not, they will say yes and you can go get extra hours in. McDonalds will more than likely be my job until I leave for college where I will hope to find a new job based on my engineering skills. I would have probably left McDonalds by now if it were not for the great experience and overall  benefits I get at McDonalds.

Readers Response to Writing Badly Essay

In his essay, â€Å"The Importance of Writing Badly,† Bruce Ballenger encourages students to write freely and to not worry about finding the â€Å"perfect way of saying it.† I feel by saying this he means to not worry about what you’re writing and it may not necessarily be perfect, but that you write what you are thinking and continue writing even if it’s bad or may not make sense. He means to put all your thoughts down on paper and start from there. Ballenger gives his students permission to write badly. He expresses that â€Å"when the writing stops, so does the thinking.† He also states that he is far more interested in encouraging thinking than error-free sentences and concise, clear writing. Do I agree with Bruce Ballenger? I feel that I absolutely agree with him. If you would have asked me in High School if I agreed, I would have said no. My English teacher in High School was much like the teacher Ballenger describes in this essay as Mrs. Oâ⠂¬â„¢Neill. Every paper we had to write had nothing but red pen marks correcting bad sentences. Or as Ballenger put it â€Å"some high priest of good grammar whose angry scribbling occupied the margins of our papers.† She was much more critical of our grammar and punctuation then what we were writing. This was very discouraging to me and a lot of my fellow classmates. I then became more critical of myself as a writer and how I was writing and not what I was writing. I was paying more attention to other details instead of what I was thinking about writing, which ended up making it very stressful to write. So by the end of my English class, I was fairly decent with grammar. In fact friends and family of mine occasionally have asked me to proof read papers of theirs, and I find myself doing nothing but fixing grammar issues instead of actually reading the paper for the story it is. I agree with Ballenger when he says that clear writing matters and should be demanded, but that it should not be the first thing important when you start writing a paper. You can always go back a nd fix grammar and punctuation issues, but you sometimes may not get your thoughts or ideas back that you were thinking of to be able to express what you wanted to write after lifting the pen from the paper. Before reading the text, just looking at the title I thought this was just going to be about writing bad and not worrying about what you are writing. And really it is, but the text was more than that and made me realize that writing isn’t about how you write; it is more about what you write about. It’s about getting to what you are writing about and the process it takes to get there. More than just writing words down and making sure you use the words correctly. It’s about expressing what you are really thinking about and writing down your thoughts to begin with. I will take Ballenger’s advice because I feel I will have more to say after free writing and brainstorming my topics and by doing that I will have more effective essays. Ballenger ends this es say with â€Å"And what matters in this journey-at least initially-is not what kind of car you’re driving, but where you end up.† I think what Ballenger means by this is that it doesn’t matter how perfect you write. What matters is that you get the ideas you have and the point you are trying to make across in your writing. And in the end having your thoughts down, you will write the paper you are trying to write even if that means that the writing you initially write is not perfect.

The Florida Expeditions of Ponce de Leon

The Florida Expeditions of Ponce de Leon Juan Ponce de Leà ³n was a Spanish conquistador and explorer, best remembered for settling the island of Puerto Rico and for directing the first major explorations of Florida. He made two trips to Florida: one in 1513 and the second in 1521. It was on this latter expedition that he was wounded by natives and died shortly thereafter. He is associated with the legend of the Fountain of Youth, although it is likely that he was not actively looking for it. Juan Ponce de Leà ³n Ponce was born in Spain around 1474 and arrived in the New World no later than 1502. He proved to be industrious and tough and soon earned the favor of King Ferdinand himself. He was originally a conquistador and assisted in the wars against the natives of Hispaniola in 1504. Later, he was given good land and proved to be an able farmer and rancher. Puerto Rico Ponce de Leon was given permission to explore and settle the island of San Juan Bautista, today known as Puerto Rico. He established a settlement and soon earned the respect of the settlers. He even had decent relations with the islands native population. Around 1512, however, he lost the island to Diego Columbus (son of Christopher) due to a legal ruling back in Spain. Ponce heard rumors of a rich land to the northwest: the natives said the land, Bimini, had much gold and wealth. Ponce, who still had many influential friends, secured permission to colonize any lands he found to the northwest of Puerto Rico. First Florida Voyage On March 13, 1513, Ponce set sail from Puerto Rico in search of Bimini. He had three ships and about 65 men. Sailing northwest, on April 2nd they spotted what they took for a large island: Ponce named it Florida because it was Easter season, referred to as Pascua Florida in Spanish. The sailors landed on Florida on April 3rd: the exact place is unknown but was likely to the north of present-day Daytona Beach. They sailed up the eastern coast of Florida before doubling back and exploring some of the western side. They saw a good deal of Floridas coast, including the Saint Lucie Inlet, Key Biscayne, Charlotte Harbor, Pine Island, and Miami Beach. They also discovered the Gulf Stream. Ponce de Leon in Spain After the first voyage, Ponce went to Spain to be sure, this time, that he and he alone had royal permission to explore and colonize Florida. He met with King Ferdinand himself, who not only confirmed Ponce’s rights in regards to Florida but also knighted him and gave him a coat of arms: Ponce was the first conquistador so honored. Ponce returned to the New World in 1516, but no sooner had he arrived than word of Ferdinand’s death reached him. Ponce returned to Spain once again to make sure his rights were in order: regent Cardinal Cisneros assured him that they were. Meanwhile, several men made unauthorized visits to Florida, mostly to take slaves or look for gold. Second Florida Voyage In early 1521, he rounded up men, supplies, and ships and prepared for a journey of exploration and colonization. He finally set sail on February 20, 1521. This journey was a complete disaster. Ponce and his men selected a site to settle somewhere in western Florida: the exact place is unknown and subject to much debate. They were not there long before they were attacked by furious natives (likely victims of slaving raids). The Spanish were driven back into the sea. Ponce himself was wounded by a poisoned arrow. The colonization effort was abandoned and Ponce was taken to Cuba where he died sometime in July of 1521. Many of Ponces men sailed down to the Gulf of Mexico, where they joined Hernan Cortes expedition of conquest against the Aztec Empire. His Legacy Ponce de Leà ³n was a trailblazer who opened the southeastern US to exploration by the Spanish. His well-publicized Florida voyages would eventually lead to a number of expeditions there, including the disastrous 1528 trip led by the unlucky Pnfilo de Narvaez. He is still remembered in Florida, where some things (including a small town) are named for him. Schoolchildren are taught of his early visits to Florida. Ponce de Leà ³ns Florida trips are probably better remembered because of the legend that he was seeking the Fountain of Youth. He probably wasnt: the very practical Ponce de Leon was looking more for a place to settle than any mythological fountains. Nevertheless, the legend has stuck, and Ponce and Florida will forever be associated with the Fountain of Youth. Source Fuson, Robert H. Juan Ponce de Leon and the Spanish Discovery of Puerto Rico and Florida. Blacksburg: McDonald and Woodward, 2000.

Sustainable Livelihood essays

Sustainable Livelihood essays The environment is the basis of all life. Biology teaches us that everything is connected. Sustainable livelihood (SL) refers to fact that the ecosystem and all other systems, such as economic, social and cultural systems, are interrelated and affect each other daily. Sustainable livelihoods, in their simplest form, are about local efforts to alter behavior that has the ability to result in global changes. SL requires the rich to work with the poor, the privileged with the unprivileged, and the educated with the uneducated. This sharing of power and resources allows everyone, regardless of class, sex or standing, to be a part of a larger process to bring about a significant social and environmental change. Our Common Future, also known as the Bruntland Report, was written in the 1980s. This time was the first large push for environmentalists to bring the sustainability concept to the public. The report gives this quotation: Our global future depends upon sustainable development. It depends upon our willingness and ability to dedicate our intelligence, ingenuity, and adaptability-our energy-to our common future. This is a choice we can make. Sustainable development is ... development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. From that point on, sustainability gained momentum in many forums, such as the United Nations, governments and corporations. SL attempts in the past that have failed did so because of the approaches they took. Too often, foreigners came to an area, told the people what to do, and then left. This put the people in a position of disadvantage because they were not able to define their needs and, in turn, their own future. More modern SL approaches allow local people to develop their own goals for their community, and then other nations or communities support them in achieving those goals. The concept of ...

Judicial System in Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judicial System in Mexico - Research Paper Example The Mexican court handles its procedures having been guided by the Mexican Constitution just like in other countries (Baker & Mckenzie, 2008). Whenever a dispute occurs between two parties that needs judicial intervention, the dispute is presented to the state court. The state court then goes ahead to verify the claim, after which the court serves the other party in dispute with the claim. The other party who is the defendant then has an obligation to give a response within nine days. This period is based on the nature of the claim that has been presented to the defendant. After both parties are familiar with the nature of the claim, the presentation of evidence begins immediately and this happens within a period of approximately forty days. For the evidence to be accepted for questioning it has to be very specific to the dispute as in Mexico, indirect or vague evidence is rendered as inacceptable in a court of law (Rolando, 2013). The components of valid evidence include documents, witnesses, confessions and technical evidence too that includes audio and visual evidence i.e. photographs, video clips and also sound recordings. The aspect of the technological evidence acceptance as evidence is relative depending on which country it is. Some states do not accept such kind of evidence. After the evidence has been received and rendered acceptable, the disputing parties are granted a chance to make their final presentation in accordance to the evidence that has been presented. This normally happens in a period of three days. After the conclusions have been presented, the court then gives a final resolution to the disputing parties. This happens in a period of approximately fifteen days. The judge then goes ahead to give a judgment after examining the available evidence (Timothy, 2013). The disputing parties can now go ahead and file an appeal or a complaint in case they are not contented with the judgment. In case of an

Media Supported Soldiers During Deployments Iraq and Afghanistan Essay

Media Supported Soldiers During Deployments Iraq and Afghanistan - Essay Example The US army played an instrumental in weakening one of the largest terrorist organizations in the world; Al-Qaeda. The use of images, interviews and consistent reporting from the war on terror-afflicted areas created a connection between the public and those deployed for the purpose of eliminating the roots of terrorism. The sense of empathy and national pride that came into being was as a result of the successive efforts of the media forces. Media is an important tool that was available to the government to create an understanding between the public and the government regarding the effects and consequences of the war on terror. And the media certainly rose to the crisis as from programmes such as the Larry King show, Oprah Winfrey show, and news broadcasts of BBC, Sky News, and Fox News all outlined the risks borne by the army and the sacrifices which were being made for the sake of eliminating terrorism. MySpace and Face book are two social networking communities which have millions of users and this very access makes them a significant media force. Users of these networks include international users from all age groups hence, making the access all that influential. Face book in reference to the role that was played by it in terms of making the nation and the international world was certainly significant. Numerous supporting groups were created for the army forces and many groups were created by all those proud of the efforts of the army hence, initiating a positive movement. (Techtree News Staff ,2008). MySpace being a social networking website with a interactive set-up allows the users to create vides, pictures and profiles. During the war on terror, there was an influx of images and videos which were uploaded which were all connected to the actual sacrifices and efforts which were being undertaken by the US troops in order to create an understanding amongst the people of what the actual picture was. The communities that were created were as a result quite successful amongst the users and the influx of popular votes for polls conducted regarding the war on terror were actually used an indicator regarding the public opinion of the war. The comments page, blogs, groups and bulletins were all used as a technique of gathering public support and hence, the role which was played by these social networking websites was much greater than could have been deduced. All those soldiers and their families were able to receive support from unknown users of these websites who had been unaware till the active use of these websites which awakened a sense of social conscience. (Story,2008) The international users were able to have access to these videos and images as well and the users in fact created groups to show support for the soldiers who had made so many sacrifices for the sake of others. This sense of realization was played

Cyber crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cyber crime - Essay Example DDos works by first downloading a free internet software called Low Orbit Ion Canon (LOIC) as a "destructive cyber weapon". Once downloaded, â€Å"the LOIC could be used to attack by sending internet traffic to a target computer†¦When the volume of traffic sent to a computer becomes too much for it to handle it would suffer a denial of service. The more LOICs used, therefore, to attack a target computer, the more likely that a denial of service will take place † (Laville, 2012). The irony of the hackers Anonymous is that they do not see themselves as criminals but rather online activists or hacktivists who conduct their protest by bringing a site down through DDos or other methods to teach them a lesson for whatever reason they can think of. Impact of Cybercrime on worldwide justice systems The advent and proliferation of cybercrime â€Å"forced† worldwide justice systems to adapt to crimes committed in the internet and institute laws in order to combat and prosecu te them. As criminals became sophisticated, justice systems have to be responsive as well in order to arrest and prosecute cyber criminals. ... irus which was sent through malicious emails in the early 2000 that overwrote the files of those who received them costing billions of dollars in the US and elsewhere in the world. While the culprit was known to be in the Philippines, authorities cannot do anything to arrest the individual due to the lack of laws to prosecute the person. This incidence and other crimes facilitated in the internet such as fraud, human trafficking, terrorism prompted the legislative body of such country to craft a law to combat cyber crime. Albeit delayed, the Philippine legislature crafted a Cybercrime Act 9225 and was implemented this year (although a Temporary Restraining Order was issued against it) because of this incidence and other crimes done through internet. The proliferation of cybercrime made governments worldwide to acknowledge the digital space as a medium where cyber criminals can facilitate their illicit activities. The process to combat global cyber crime According to Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI, the best way to combat the global cyber crime is through international cooperation. To effectively counter the threat of cyber crime, â€Å"FBI is working closely with international law enforcement agencies to fight cyber criminals (FBI). The Department of Homeland Security also agreed that collaboration is needed to enhance cyber security not only among countries but also among sectors to protect critical digital infrastructures from digital malfeasance (Homeland Security, nd). To facilitate this international cooperation and collaboration an international conference was held in Fordham University in New York City this year which was attended by over 400 participants from 37 countries. Delegates from various sectors also attended from international counterparts ranging

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Strategy - Essay Example Selling designer clothes to cater for the rich includes Louis Vuitton, Gucci and many other brands. Tailor clothes for the middle class and second hand clothes for the poor. We can also market the gap by locating our shops at different geographical areas in the global market. By doing this, we will make it easier for the customers to access our products without any difficulties, which will facilitate our selling and, therefore, reduce competition. Due to the improved technology, we can introduce buying of goods online and special delivery. This will motivate the busy, disabled, lazy, so that they purchase goods from our premises since busy people won’t have to neglect their busy schedule to go shopping. The disabled will also have an advantage as they will not struggle going to the market (McDonald, 2008). The lazy will also be lured to our premises, and this will boost our selling and reduce competition, thus, marketing the gap. Gap Company should attract customers from many different social classes so that they can improve their profits. Even though the gap strategy limited how the company was presenting its brand to different social classes. Gab Company should start many peer retailer shops for them to capture the low earning citizens throughout the world. The company should consider having various prices in different branches so that they can attract as many customers as possible. Gap should ensure that they do not sell inferior products at high prices because this will only make people to avoid buying the products. They should not introduce products which are not relevant to the consumers and sell them at a high price (McDonald, 2008). There is also the introduction of new stores that sold goods at high prices, yet the old stores were selling products at a fair price. This made customers from the new geographical areas to avoid purchasing products from the new stores because they were very expensive. It is a high

Why Individuals Find Change Difficult to Achieve Case Study - 1

Why Individuals Find Change Difficult to Achieve - Case Study Example As the discussion outlines, people accomplish personal change when they are willing to give up comfortable ways of thinking and acting. Change is ‘hardwired’ if an individual is attempted to it through training, efforts and some practical works. ‘Hardwired’, a term normally used in neuroscience, means that qualities are fixed and are in place when people are born; and these qualities are ready to be activated or triggered by their genetics or in response to their concerned environment. More specifically, people are hardwired if they do not serve willingness to a specific change, but they are ready to change due to special training or hard working on it. It is how change becomes difficult for some people. In attempting to change, often people need to use more information and intense energy in processing new materials. This in turn requires the brain to work hard. People use intense energy if they are less skilled or having less preference. This is also anothe r reason why individuals feel change a difficult attempt. The article stressed that change is always possible, but it needs efforts. Personal change is motivated by pleasure and avoidance of pain. Change is not hardwired when the individual has an aspiration toward a specific role and it requires greater influence. Avoidance of pain is a motivator as an individual is prompted to become compassionate or promoted and thus he tries to change. Personal change occurs only when an individual move through four steps; awareness, analysis, alternative and attack. First, the individual realizes that something is not working, and then reflects on what something needs to change. Next, the individual seeks alternative options for change and then he decides on a course of action. It is well documented from the research findings that individuals and organisations usually resist changes.

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands - Essay Example The emergence of HIV/AIDS and its prevalence among injecting drug users further tightened the international resolve to classify most of the drugs outlined above as hard drugs and illegal. Consequently, there came the formulation of national policies and strategies, international agreements and cooperative strategies between states to tackle trafficking and combat drug use across borders. To date, the issue of drugs has become more complex with the emergence of production and trafficking cartels that have global representation and sophisticated smuggling tactics that are capable of evading customs authorities in many parts of the world. Efforts of several governments have borne fruit in controlling the menace while others are still staggering around the issue with no tangible progress (Thomas 142). Netherlands National Drug Strategy With legislation dating back to the early 20th century’s enactment of the opium actin 1928, followed by its fundamental amendment of 1976, the nati onal drug strategy of Netherlands came to effect in 1995 to provide a framework for dealing with illicit drug-related problems. The strategy has four major objectives, which include prevention of drug usage, rehabilitation and treatment of addicts, harm reduction among users, public nuisance eradication and diminishing production and trafficking. All these objectives aim at achieving the broader goal of promoting general health in the country. The strategy is restricted to illegal drugs with reinforcement from sector-specific strategies such as destruction of drug plantations, interception, and stoppage of trafficking through the airlines and shipping agencies as well as health promotion campaigns. The strategy is seen by many policy analysts as too liberal and giving a lot of room for drug use. This is because drug use constitutes a crime if it involves other unlawful practices like stealing and burglary, illegal trade, and trafficking. The use of drugs is also permissible outside public places like hospitals, schools, public means of transport and public parks. The strategy also exempts conviction for being in possession of small quantities of both soft and hard drugs that do not surpass the respective thresholds, in which confiscation is the only penalty.  

Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Strategy - Essay Example Selling designer clothes to cater for the rich includes Louis Vuitton, Gucci and many other brands. Tailor clothes for the middle class and second hand clothes for the poor. We can also market the gap by locating our shops at different geographical areas in the global market. By doing this, we will make it easier for the customers to access our products without any difficulties, which will facilitate our selling and, therefore, reduce competition. Due to the improved technology, we can introduce buying of goods online and special delivery. This will motivate the busy, disabled, lazy, so that they purchase goods from our premises since busy people won’t have to neglect their busy schedule to go shopping. The disabled will also have an advantage as they will not struggle going to the market (McDonald, 2008). The lazy will also be lured to our premises, and this will boost our selling and reduce competition, thus, marketing the gap. Gap Company should attract customers from many different social classes so that they can improve their profits. Even though the gap strategy limited how the company was presenting its brand to different social classes. Gab Company should start many peer retailer shops for them to capture the low earning citizens throughout the world. The company should consider having various prices in different branches so that they can attract as many customers as possible. Gap should ensure that they do not sell inferior products at high prices because this will only make people to avoid buying the products. They should not introduce products which are not relevant to the consumers and sell them at a high price (McDonald, 2008). There is also the introduction of new stores that sold goods at high prices, yet the old stores were selling products at a fair price. This made customers from the new geographical areas to avoid purchasing products from the new stores because they were very expensive. It is a high

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Drug Control Strategy in Netherlands - Essay Example The emergence of HIV/AIDS and its prevalence among injecting drug users further tightened the international resolve to classify most of the drugs outlined above as hard drugs and illegal. Consequently, there came the formulation of national policies and strategies, international agreements and cooperative strategies between states to tackle trafficking and combat drug use across borders. To date, the issue of drugs has become more complex with the emergence of production and trafficking cartels that have global representation and sophisticated smuggling tactics that are capable of evading customs authorities in many parts of the world. Efforts of several governments have borne fruit in controlling the menace while others are still staggering around the issue with no tangible progress (Thomas 142). Netherlands National Drug Strategy With legislation dating back to the early 20th century’s enactment of the opium actin 1928, followed by its fundamental amendment of 1976, the nati onal drug strategy of Netherlands came to effect in 1995 to provide a framework for dealing with illicit drug-related problems. The strategy has four major objectives, which include prevention of drug usage, rehabilitation and treatment of addicts, harm reduction among users, public nuisance eradication and diminishing production and trafficking. All these objectives aim at achieving the broader goal of promoting general health in the country. The strategy is restricted to illegal drugs with reinforcement from sector-specific strategies such as destruction of drug plantations, interception, and stoppage of trafficking through the airlines and shipping agencies as well as health promotion campaigns. The strategy is seen by many policy analysts as too liberal and giving a lot of room for drug use. This is because drug use constitutes a crime if it involves other unlawful practices like stealing and burglary, illegal trade, and trafficking. The use of drugs is also permissible outside public places like hospitals, schools, public means of transport and public parks. The strategy also exempts conviction for being in possession of small quantities of both soft and hard drugs that do not surpass the respective thresholds, in which confiscation is the only penalty.  

Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Environmental Issues Essay The environmental issues in India become more serious every day and she is turning into a bit of a mess on this front but with over 1 Billion people most of which in dire poverty, its hardly surprising. The recent boom in its industries, little or no environmental education, infrastructure nearly at bursting point not to mention the huge deforestation thats going on. If you think your country has some problems then you are about to be a bit of a shock because Im sure nothing compares to some of the environmental issues in India. A whopping 65% of the land in here is degraded in some way, shape or form and the endless government policies do little to curb the damage. In fact, there is no shortage at all of government legislation protecting the environment but unfortunately it is never enforced due to flagrant abuse of power, corruption and lack of resources. If you have ever been to India you have undoubtedly noticed the serious little problem that they have in India. No, its not like here in the UK where a can of coke and crisp packet on the floor are a litter problem. Indias litter problem is almost a bit disturbing. The attitude is to just throw it on the floor, there are no bins, just drop it. Thats 1 Billion people disposing of their rubbish on the floor, every day. The scope of the problem is almost unimaginable and of course, it takes generations to change a habit like that but no one is starting. What they need here is education and that is what is seriously missing. With regards to environmental issues in India, India appears to be digging its own grave deeper and quicker than the rest of us, nearly 30% of Indias gross agricultural output is lost every year due to soil degradation, poor land management and counter productive irrigation. The wetlands and lakes are also being hit hard. Mainly by the industrial boom that hit India a decade ago, the main problems being improper disposal of industrial waste like chemicals etc. Indias 7516 km of coastline have also come under attack from this environmental sabotage, overfishing remains a huge problem due to lack of legislation enforcement. Raw sewage from an awful lot of people is pumped endlessly into the ocean along with other industrial waste and chemicals. Hundreds of miles of coral and other sea life are slowly being destroyed due to offshore drilling. Tourist centres such as Goa suffer due to badly managed development and excessive tourism, again resulting from the lack of legislation and policy enforcement. The main environmental issues in India The Environmental issues in India are huge. Whether its the rapidly dropping water tables, mass deforestation, land degradation or river contamination, India has it all and on a massive scale. Water resources Perhaps the largest of the environmental issues in India facing the people of India is inadequate or lack of access to vital fresh water resources. As Indias industries get bigger so will the amount of water they require and the amounts are already beginning to spiral. As an example I use the Coca cola factory which was accused for years of messing up an entire eco system. By simply diverting all the water to their factory, millions of people went without. The company are also accused of causing huge droughts and contamination to a massive area by exploiting an excessive amount of ground water and then replacing it with toxic discharge. Of course, Coca Cola is a big famous company and that is why this came to news but I have no doubt that there are a million examples of similar things happening all over India. Years of exploitation and extraction of groundwater in India has caused the national water table to suddenly and very dramatically drop. Considering that 85% of rural drinking water and 55% of urban water comes from underground sources, this seems to me a very urgent problem as literally hundreds of millions of people could be left without water does it even bear thinking about! The rivers are on the front line of pollution in India. Millions of people depend on them for their livelihoods but they are slowly being polluted and destroyed by sewage, chemicals and other agricultural and industrial waste. These are some of the most polluted rivers in the world but little seems to be to stem the incessant destruction. Deforestation The story of deforestation is another of the highly serious environmental issues in India. It is predicted that almost 5. 3 Million hectares of forest have been destroyed since the independence. Most of it being chopped down for housing, industrialisation and river projects. It is estimated that the number of Mangrove Forests have more than halved in the last 20 years. The government soon recognised the importance that these forests hold for the conservation of soil and put forward a range of polices trying to curb the destruction; of course, nothing has really changed and thousands of acres are destroyed every year with nothing in the way of replacement. Poor management and abuse of power are again the increasingly sad cause behind the mass deforestation of India, some call it greed. Protected areas are largely declassified so that commercial activities can take place but new areas are not reclassified. Poaching is another factor, people actually coming in and steeling trees and one of the final blows to the forest of India who already seem to have lost the battle is the invasion of foreign tree species such as Eucalyptus etc. Air Pollution India now has one of the worst qualities of air in the world. Without a doubt the main contributor of air pollution in India is the transport system. In the big cities like Delhi and Mumbai, millions of old and very dirty diesel engines churn out millions of tonnes more sulphur than their western equivalents partly because of being old and partly because of the diesel. As a result, the asthma rate for children in some of the larger cities is now at %50 and rising fast. Because of the varied causes and consequences surrounding this topic, Ive devoted a whole page to India air pollution. Plastics and other waste I have already touched on the massive problem of waste disposal but I intend to go into it more here. It seems that some areas are simply fed up with the lack of Government intervention and are using there initiatives. As an example I use some of the towns and villages in Kerala who are seeing a return to the old paper bags from plastic ones. As I am sure you know, plastic isnt in any urgency to degrade but the people of India dont seem to recognise this as they throw every unwanted item onto the floor wherever they are. Of course, the victims of this environmental issue in India are the future generations and the animals. The holy cows that are so integral to Indian life are slowly being killed from the huge amount of plastic bags they consume that eventually rap around their insides.

What Is A Travel Agency Tourism Essay

What Is A Travel Agency Tourism Essay Travel agency  is a confidential  seller/  public service  that present  tourism related  services  to the  public  on behalf of  dealers  like hotel, package tour, railways, rentals car, airlines, sea ways, and airlines. addition to trading with regular  tourists  the majority agencies have a separate department committed to making travel arrangements for commercial travelers and a number of travel agencies focus in commercial travel only. There are also travel agencies that provide as  general sales agents  for overseas businesses, allowing them to have  branches in  regions and nations  other than where their head offices  are placed. Operation Agencys major role is to perform as a  representative. Promoting travel goods and services on behalf of a dealer. Therefore, similar to other retail industries, they dont have a  stock  in stores. A holiday pack or a ticket is not obtained from a dealer till a consumer desires that purchase. The holiday or ticket is providing to them at money off offer. The  revenue  is consequently the variation among the marketing cost which the consumer pays and the discounted cost at which it is offered to the agent. This is known as the  commission. In countless countries, all persons or companies that trade tickets are necessary to be licensed as a travel agent. Many British and American agencies license are based on these associations:-   (IATA) international transport association-  for who issue air tickets (ATOL)  air travel organizers licensing- for who order tickets    (ABTA)  associations of British travel agent or the   (ASTA) the American society of travel agent, for who trade package holidays on behalf of a tour company. Ticketing Reserve and distributing tickets is a most important function of the travel agency. It is necessary for travel agency workers to have familiarity or knowledge about Air travel in the worldwide as well as national segment. This knowledge undertakes a range of other features such as booking methods, class of travel, prohibited matter, special customers, passports, visas, travel directories, hotel guide. Supervisor or an worker have to know the variety of procedures linked to these Management tasks Similar to any other business if you have it in mind to set up and run a travel agency company efficiently you have to apply the management concepts and functions not only in scheduling but also in processing. The organization tasks in a travel agency are linked to the character of business process and the services provided. The key responsibility of travel agency is to supply the purchase of travel to the client at a suitable place. It is at these places that the travel agencies act as reservation representative for road or water transport, railways, hotels, package tours, airlines. They also offer convinced additional services such as, traveler cheque, procuring of visas, foreign exchange, travel insurance, airport transport, customer clearances, permits, etc. A travel agency also behaves like a travel advisor suggesting consultancy on ideas like: How to travel? When to travel and where? Where to stay or do shopping, etc.? Information about rules, policy, safety, etc. Such suggestions are possible only after identifying the clients requirements and attitudes. This part has to be completed neutrally by the travel agency in order to provide the best to the client. Travel agencies are divided in a range of ways. The differences can be based on their memberships such as International Air Transport Association (IATA), Pacific Area Travel Association (PATA), American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA), Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA), World Association of Travel Agents (WATA), Universal Federation of Travel Agents Association (UFTA) or Travel Agents Association of srilanka (TAASL). These recognitions can also be identified by the kind of trade or services they are providing. Acquiring Product familiarity or Knowledge If not a director acquires product knowledge or familiarity with products, it is hard to be successful in travel agency industry. This is exactly true because the majority of the travel agencies are small family businesses with proprietor performing as managers and use little workforce. The managers themselves must have a best product familiarity or knowledge in order to lead and direct their workforce. This is related for mutually, outbound as well as domestic travel. A travel agency workforce should have full familiarity or knowledge of- Destinations: Whether conditions, Political environment, Special events and community holidays, Customs, culture and cuisine of destination, Main attractions, Physical condition and other hazards, Money exchange rates, Travel policy regulations and documents, Lodging facilities, Airlines: Reservation system, Travel Route operations, Flight agenda, Charges, Types of airplanes, Services offered on board, Connecting flights, Airports: Timings, Amenities, Travel Agencies Product knowledge can be obtained From a variety of sources. It is equally Custom and safety regulations, Distances from city, Transportations: Connections or contacts Car rentals, A reservation method and procedures. Other Aspects: Package tours, Excursions, Principal Suppliers: Image and financial standing, Services offered, Quality of service, Commissions offered, Forming or setting up a travel agency To form a travel agency business has to make sure about following aspects: Monetary and Infrastructural requirement, Approval from concerned parties, Recognitions from major suppliers or dealers, Infrastructural and Financial or monetary Requirements Forming a new business in this subject the big capital requirements are less. Most require investment are for the following: Purchase of Suitable office space, Office furniture, Communication system and tools such as, computer, telecommunications Wages for the employees, Office equipment such as, document, files, tag, letterheads Before formulate the travel agency business a significant point to be think is the situated place of the agency or the position of agency. The majority of the travel agents have their offices in busy cities. Travel agents vie for business in the place where they are positioned. At the same time selecting on the position of your office, you should make sure that it is in the marketplace with close access to profitable business. Approvals from Concerned parties Travel agencies want some approvals for start and function the business such approvals are: Recognitions From the (IATA) International Air Transport Association is the global association of Scheduled Airlines. To apply for International Air Transport Association approval an application has to be presented by completing out the essential details, Forms, and sent to Sedentary, Agency Investigation, according to agency investigation below aspects will tartan- Capability to find and procure air traveler transportation Professional standing Financial or economy position Business building, location, etc Workforce experience A final inspection is held and the approval is provided by International Air Transport Association. Mainly it is important state here that all International Air Transport Association approved Agents obtain 9% commission on global air tickets and 6% on domestic air line tickets. Recognition and Licenses Travel agencies have to look for recognition or licensed from Department of Tourism, Travel agency association of srilanka(TAASL) Recognition from the major suppliers such as, the airlines, Banks and recognition by the dealing hotels. Civil aviation license registration  (according to Srilanka) Manager prefer the status of that company   Manager and two staffs with qualified diploma certificate authorized institute. (Have to face an interview to recognizes and get the permission) Original business registration certificate (BRC) True copy from share holders and shares details. If that company based on one person they will need company details and future achievement Section 51 form that ,the main one share holders original details including share percentage MEMBERSHIP PROCEDURE Membership Entrance Fee Rs. 20,000/- Membership Subscription for the ensuring year Rs. 10,000/- Total Rs. 30,000/- Needed Documents Registration Certificate issued by the Ceylon Tourist Board License Certificate to carry on Business as a Travel Agent issued by the Ceylon Tourist Board for the current financial year License Certificate to carry on Business issued by the Aviation Authority for the current year Certificate of Company Registration A letter confirming the authorized and paid up capital form the Auditors TRAVEL AGENTS ASSOCIATION OF SRI LANK APPLICATION FORM FOR MEMBERSHIP The Secretary Travel Agents Association of Sri Lanka COLOMBO Name of Company: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Address: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Business: State Nature of Tourist Activities: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Name / Designation of Contact Person: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Tel No: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fax No: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Email Address: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Signature of Applicant: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I / We wish to apply for election as a member of the Travel Agents Association of Sri Lanka and I/We hereby agree to be bound by the Rules of the Association from time to time in force and by the decision of the General Committee. Signature of Applicant: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Services offered Tour packages(family travel, group travel, adventure travel, incentive travel ) Domestic and international tour packages hotel and resort lodging to air transportation car rental needs travel insurance security visa procedures Immunization procedures and other foreign travel requirements. Urgency toll-free phone numbers ticketing airline seating preference Smoking and non-smoking designation It all based on personal interests and budget concerns. License to carry on business as a travel agent C:UsersSingheDocumentsSri-Lanka-Tourism-Development-Authority-Licence-to-Carry-on-Business-as-Travel-Agent-2010.jpg

Marketing Strategy Implementation in Higher Education Essay -- higher e

The scholarly article which I selected to review addressed the strategic implementation of marketing initiatives within international higher education entities (Naidoo & Woo, 2011). This article was of particular interest to me due to its specific focus on marketing within higher education entities (HEI’s). The authors focused their research on 10 universities which recruit international students; specifically, on 570 questionnaires from mid-level marketing managers responsible for strategic implementation of marketing initiatives. (Naidoo & Woo, 2011, p. 1117) The authors note the disparity in success between HEI’s in addressing the international student market, and raise the implied question of whether differences in successful strategic implementation could be contributory. This study focuses on strategic implementation, as contrasted with strategic formulation, as a driver for marketing success. The premise of the authors is that by focusing on the factors whic h influence successful strategic implementation, HEI’s can enhance marketing program success. In addition to highlighting strategic implementation as a marketing success factor, they emphasize the value of a higher education focus in their research. Although this business category has achieved prolific growth in recent years, most marketing research has been focused on a general business environment. The research found that strategic implementation is viewed by marketing management as operations-driven in nature. The authors uncovered 4 primary constructs from their data: implementation related outcome variables, dimensions of commitment, strategy factors and role factors. (Naidoo & Woo, 2011, p. 1122) Put in simpler terms, the authors identified strategy commi... ...ting program success. They have demonstrated that mid-level marketing managers within Higher Education view individual commitment to the selected strategy, as well as the perceived significance of their role in implementation, as critical factors to role performance, and ultimately program success. Suggestions for follow up may include a closer analysis of successful and less successful HEI’s, to further understand how these factors influence the success or failure of these organizations’ marketing programs. Works Cited Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2012). A framework for marketing management. (5 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Hall. Naidoo, V., & Wu, T. (2011). Marketing strategy implementation in higher education: A mixed approach for model development and testing. Journal Of Marketing Management, 27(11/12), 1117-1141. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2011.609132

Age of Enlightenment Essay -- World History, 18th century

The 18th century is referred to as the ‘Age of Enlightenment’. The trends in thought and letters from Europe to the American colonies brought a new light and attention upon mankind. This new movement described a time in Western philosophy and cultural life in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. ‘To understand the natural world and humankinds place in it solely on the basis of reason and without turning to religious belief was the goal of the wide-ranging intellectual movement’ (Hackett). At the heart o this age, a conflict began between religion and the inquiring mind that wanted to know and understand through reason based on evidence and proof rather than belief on faith alone. Many scholars believed that this was primarily a French movement because the French culture dominated Europe and their ideas were expressed in the environment of the Parisian salon. IN my opinion, this movement was even more influential on the world because it was primarily a middle-class movement.. These pioneers labored for man in general and for humanity. This was also an era that public readings by scholars and philosophers came into existence because of increased literacy. These philosophers however, lived a very precarious life due to the fact that they did not know if they would be imprisoned or courted for their public performances. The analytical methods of Newtonian physics placed its stamp on the Enlightenment Era. Order and regularity came from the analysis of observed facts. The new ideal of knowledge was simply a further development of the 17th century logic and science with a new emphasis on; 1. The particular rather than the general. 2. Observable facts rather than principles. 3. Experience ra... ... because human beings are more willing to question their belief systems now and that is thanks to the Age of Enlightenment. I believe the most important issues involving the Enlightenment period was the recognition of the middle class. Most of the influential people of the period were from the working class. The rise in literacy gave the middle class more opportunities to spread their wings and become an influential voice in society. References Copestone, Frederick., A History of Philosophy. London. Search, 1946.Print. Roman, Chris. A World of Ideas. New York. Palatine. 1999.Print Thackeray, Frank. Events that Changed the World in the Eighteenth Century. Westport. Greenwood Press.1998. Print. World History Project. World History International. 1995-2006. Web. 19 Dec. 2010 Rempel, Gerhard, Western New England College. 2007.Web. 19 Dec 2010

Wuthering Heights Movie and Book Comparison Paper

Each reader has conjured up their own special portrayal of the imagery and character evictions provided, with every scene of the dark, emotional novel engraved In their brain. The very Idea of attempting to make a film adaptation of the powerful scenery and copious descriptions seems unsettling. However, a brave British actress, director and screenplay writer, Andrea Arnold endeavored to meet this challenge In 2011 with her dramatic romance, Withering Heights. According to IM Db. Err adaptation of this film received a decent amount of praise and nominated for â€Å"Bronze Horse† at the Stockholm Film Festival and â€Å"Golden Lion† at the Venice Film Festival (â€Å"Andrea†). I contend that Arnold effectively uses specific film techniques while maintaining important elements of the novel and decisively excluding others to portray the basic themes of the original masterpiece by Bronze. In the scene following Heathenishly arrival at Withering Heights, the director employs a purposeful use of setting to express major themes of the novel.This scene addresses the first day Catherine and Heathenish spend a significant amount of time with each other. Catherine invites Heathenish on a horseback ride throughout the countryside. Catherine then proceeds to take Hateful up onto a giant rock, where they both lay, looking out on the vast rocky terrain. The setting used here by the director Is an open, broad and empty countryside that they ride across on horseback and then revel in its beauty later on the top of the rock. In Rampage, Bean and Johnny's book they state that â€Å"an image might soothe us or repel us; it might evoke our sympathies, trigger our fears†¦ (246). The imagery conveyed during this scene illustrates the importance of the effect of setting on the audience. The visualization revived by Arnold help to further our emotions about these characters, giving us a realization of their loneliness and separation from their environment. Th e audience can then sympathize with these forlorn characters while also recognizing the alluring beauty of their desolate surroundings. This setting portrays a sense of isolation and one of dazzling mystery; both ever present themes throughout the novel and the movie.In the scene nearing and during Catering's death, Arnold effectively uses the camera angle and a contrasting tone to display the devastating effects of Catherine Catherine after he hears that she has fallen ill. When Heathenish arrives, the tension between the two crackles with anger and Jealousy, however after Heathenish threatens to storm off, Catherine begs him to stay and they embrace. The angle used during their tight embrace of one another focuses on Catering's hands, highlighting her wedding ring.The director uses this angle to show that although Catherine may be legally bound to Edgar by her wedding ring, she is bound to Heathenish through love. The director also uses two very contrasting tones in this scene, on e of reconciliation, et one of regret. The tone of reconciliation is portrayed when Heathenish and Catherine finally embrace, no longer relishing in their own pride, but openly expressing their love for one another. However, a tone of regret is conveyed as they realize the consequences of their choices to marry other people.This is especially evident in Heathenish, who, by his abandonment of Catherine has caused her to fall ill, and she dies in his arms after their embrace. The director chose to utilize these contrasting tones in this particular scene because it follows the main themes of the evolve; the unbreakable love between Catherine and Heathenish but also the remorse felt for the effects of their actions. The closing scene of Withering Heights applies a significant use of symbolism and proper music. This scene shows a depressed Heathenish trudging out onto the foggy moors when a feather suddenly falls from a bird and drifts down from the sky.The symbolism of feathers througho ut the movie portrays the love between Heathenish and Catherine, evoking memories from their childhood when they would rub feathers on each other's faces. The reason the director would have concluded with such homeboys would be to convey the fact that although Catherine has died, an undying love persists between her and Heathenish. This final scene also employs the use of music, which was not done in any other scene in the movie. The song, â€Å"The Enemy' by Uniform and Sons, plays in the background while Heathenish reflects upon a particular memory of him and Catherine lying in the mud wrestling.The director employed this song due to its powerful lyrics such as â€Å"tell me not of heartbreak, it plagues my soul† and â€Å"bury me beside you, I have no hope, in solitude† to reflect pond the main theme of a destructive, yet unchanging love. Mainly evident in its love triangle, significant places and death of Catherine, the movie remains true to the book in a number o f ways. Throughout the book Catherine and Heathenish have this noticeably deeper connection from the moment they meet.Even though their relationship is halted when Edgar marries Catherine, an ever- present sense of a strong love between the two remains. The movie excellently portrays this love triangle when Catherine confesses her deeper love for Heathenish although she knows she will end up marrying Edgar. The film, like the novel, displays their love as still remaining strong to keep the interest and hope of the audience that Catherine and Heathenish will one day be together. The movie also places emphasis on the two significant houses – Withering Heights and Treacherous Grange.In the novel and the film Withering Heights, where Heathenish and Catherine grow up represents passion, emotions and instability whereas Treacherous Grange, where Linton resides symbolizes stability and peacefulness. Their depictions emphasize their representations, with Withering Heights shown as di rty, rugged, dark and mysterious ND filled with elegant furniture. Arnold accentuated the significance of each place like the book because it represents one of the main themes of the passion and strength of Heathenish and Catherine in Withering Heights and the passivity of Edgar in Treacherous Grange.The movie also shows a significant event, Catering's death, happen in the same way as it did in the book. In both stories, Catherine dies while in an embrace with Heathenish. The reasoning for the director maintaining the way she died would be to highlight the overall significance of Heathenish and Catering's allegations, and the suffering it brought to Catherine, both consistent themes throughout the novel. While one could easily count a host of minor differences between the book and the film adaptation, the complete lack of the second half of the novel separates the film from its book.While the first half the novel focuses on Catherine, Heathenish and Edgar, after Catering's death Bro nze shifts the interest of the book upon their children, recognized as younger Catherine, Hearten and Linton. The film adaptation, however, does not even address this second generation of characters or their legislations. While at first this may seem like an ignorant choice, the decision to concentrate on the first generation of characters by Arnold does serve to benefit the film by staying within a reasonable time frame while maintaining an accurate depiction of the first generation.The film effectively utilizes the time allotted to a normal two hour movie. Without removing these secondary characters from the film adaptation, the movie would simply take too much time to watch. Hypothetically, if the director would have included these characters, the relationships and character oratory's would very likely remain â€Å"flat† or unsubstantial in an attempt to cram all the elements of the book into the movie.With an ample amount of significant characters in the novel, the exclus ion of the second generation helps to depict the first generation of characters more accurately, emphasizing special aspects of their relationships in proper accordance with the book. The director of Withering Heights, Andrea Arnold highlights the main themes presented in the book by Emily Bronze by her cinematic techniques and her inclusion and exclusion of specific events and scenes. She effectively utilizes specific settings, angles, tones, symbolism and music to emphasize certain elements like the descriptions in the novel.

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Essay

In Joseph Heller’s novel, Catch-22, and Stanley Kubrick’s film, Dr. Strangelove, the bureaucrats are illustrated as illogical and untrustworthy. Heller’s attention to administrations such as the hospital and the military-establishment are recognized for their unreliable rationality and logic. Similarly, in Dr. Strangelove, Kubrick mocks the absurdities of the nuclear arms race and of the officials of the United States and The Soviet Union as he conveys the malfunction of highly placed government bureaucrats. Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove, are two satirical and somewhat historical works that effectively comment on the corrupt and perhaps insane bureaucrats. The lives of Yossarian and the men in his squadron in Catch-22 are not determined by their own decisions but instead, by the decisions of the impersonal bureaucracy. The bureaucrats are absolutely oblivious to any attempt the men make to reason with them logically. Major Major, for example, will only see people in his office if he is not there and sends them away when he returns. Doc Daneeka refuses to ground Yossarian for his â€Å"insanity† because Yossarian’s desire to be grounded reveals that he is sane. Doc Daneeka elaborates in his discussion of Orr, Yossarian’s tent-mate. â€Å"Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn’t, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn’t have to; but if he didn’t want to he was sane and had to.† (46) Yossarian and the others in his squadron find that what they say and do has little effect on their fate when the bureaucracy controls them. Their only option is to follow the illogical rules and use what is expected of them to their own advantage. Yossarian’s superiors are more concerned with getting a promotion than they are about winning the war. Colonel Cathcart, the colonel in command of Yossarian’s squadron, tries to impress his superiors by â€Å"bravely† volunteering his men for dangerous combat. Cathcart’s only concern is being promoted to general. Cathcart continually raises the number of combat missions required of the men before they can be sent home. Yossarian argues with Doc Daneeka who explains, â€Å"†¦regulations do say you have to obey every order. That’s the catch. Even if the colonel were disobeying a Twenty-seventh Air Force order by making you fly more missions, you’d still have to fly them, or you’d be guilt y of disobeying an order of his.† (58) Similarly, Dr. Strangelove also criticizes the malfunctions of bureaucracy and the inadequacy of officials. General Jack Ripper gives the command to attack the Soviet Union without permission from his superiors or the president. Instead of discussing the idea of an attack with is supervisors, Ripper orders the attack because, according to him; Clemenceau†¦ said war was too important to be left to the generals. When he said that, 50 years ago, he might have been right. But today, war is too important to be left to politicians. They have neither the time, the training, nor the inclination for strategic thought. I can no longer sit back and allow Communist infiltration, Communist indoctrination, Communist subversion and the international Communist conspiracy to sap and impurify all of our precious bodily fluids. -Criticizes the malfunction of bureaucracy. (Dr. Strangelove) Mr. President’s embarrassment about the issue demonstrates bureaucracy does not function appropriately because those lower in command should not determine the launch of nuclear powers. Further exemplifying the inadequacy of the bureaucrats, the Joint Chiefs in the war room show their unprofessional and blatant prejudice, especially toward the Russians. General Buck Turgidson clearly states, â€Å"I’m beginning to smell a big fat Commie rat,† and later refers to them as â€Å"a bunch of ignorant peons.† The Germans are also referred to when Turgidson, upon learning Dr. Strangelove’s original German name, passes it off as â€Å"†¦a Kraut by any other name.† Dr. Strangelove, the character, also calls into question the reliability of people in power. Strangelove is clearly the Presidents scientific adviser in the war room whose appearance copies the mad scientist stereotype with his wild hair, black gloved hand, and his clearly brilliant yet insane mind. Through their presentation of bureaucracy, Heller and Kubrick display why officials and politicians are unfit to make important decisions concerning the safety of the country. Catch-22 conveys this notion through the bureaucracy’s enforcement of impractical rules and Catch-22’s on the eccentric men in Yossarian’s squadron. Kubrick suggests the same concept in Dr. Strangelove by frequently demonstrating the disorder, madness and prejudice of the officials. In either piece, the reader carries away the certainty of the instability of the men in control of important military and national decisions.

Abuse of the Innocent Essays - Animal Welfare, Cruelty To Animals

Abuse of the Innocent Is it right to force a mouse to live it's live in a laboratory cage to test anti-cancer drug? How would you like to be squeezed in a cage with many other animals, not being able to touch the grass, run around and play, smell the flowers, or go for a walk in the warmth of the sunshine? Animal cruelty is wrong because we are hurting the Innocent. Animals experience and feel pain, fear , anxiety, stress, depression, boredom, joy and happiness. Animals are very intelligent, some ever learn our own language. Most people experience their first bond with an animal. Not only do they bring a companion and a friend into our lives, but also unconditional love and comfort. Pet shops and puppy mills mass produce, kennels are overcrowded and dirty, with very little nutrition. Cats/dogs are held in metal cages and lead miserable lives breeding continuously. Animals suffer and are neglected, some are sold to research laboratories. A large number of animals are raised for slaughter each year. A cow "has a natural life span of twenty- five to thirty years, but only survives for an average of five".1 An estimated "seventeen million raccoons, beavers, bobcats, lynx, coyotes, muskrats, nutria, and other animals are trapped each year in the United States for fur".2 They suffer from unbearable pain for several hours before their lives are ended by the trapper's club. Is the price of live worth the price of fur? Psalm 104, 27-30. All creatures depend on you to feed them throughout the year: you provide the food they eat, with generous hands you satisfy their hunger. You turn your face away, they suffer. You stop their breath, they die and revert to dust. You give breath, fresh life begins, you keep renewing the world. Disections have been practiced in biology classes for many years. Critics accuse some teachers of killing and argue that disection teaches nothing but cruelty. Nothing is learned by cutting up an animal that cannot be learned from photographs or drawings. Children do not learn about the human body by killing and disecting a person, they learn from diagrams and textbooks. Vivisection means "cutting alive". It is a worldwide practice involving millions of animals. Scientists say that vivisections may not necessarily be painful. Every living being with a brain, spinal column, and central nervous system feels pain. Animals were not created for entertainment. What do zoos really teach children? The animals are stolen from their natural habitats and are brutally transferred. They suffer from boredom and have natural needs such as running, climbing, flying, and natural mating. All of the magic and glitter of the circus hides the true animal cruelty. Several animals are confined to small cages, muzzled, and repeatedly whipped in training. They are declawed, have their teeth removed, and drugged to be obedient. Military research on animals include monkeys, baboons, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, and mice. "... when I see my closest relative locked in a restraining box, his head filled with electrodes, and all he has got to reach out to you is with his eyes, then how can we respond to that if we close ours?".3 Weapons are tested on innocent animals, nerve gas, bullets, and bombs are all used. "One sad insight is gleaned from this statement, made by a Porton workman who lost his bearings: 'I thought I was ill, I thought I was seeing things. It was a little monkey enclosed In a glass cage. Its eyes seemed to be falling out and it couldn't breathe. It was in dreadful, dreadful distress. I forgot everything and went near it and said something to it, and it buried its head in it's arms and sobbed like a child. I never slept that night, and the next day managed to go back to the same room, but it was nearly finished by then. It had sunk to a little heap at the bottom of the glass cage.'."4 Animal cruelty is wrong, we are hurting the innocent. Cruelty of animals can be stopped, not only do we have to open our eyes, but open our mouths as well. Read a book, write a letter, join a group or start a group, either way, an animal will be grateful for the chance of a happy life. 656 End Notes 1. Loraine Kay, Living Without Cruelty, (London: Sidwick & Jackson, 1990), p.15. 2. Laura Fraser, The Animal